1 Khatam Al-Nabieen University 23 General An overview of the electronical methods of maximum power point tracking in solar cells Montazeri Mohammad b b Master's student of Renewable Energy Engineering, Faculty of Modern Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 1 3 2024 1 1 1 34 13 04 2025 20 03 2024 One of the most important cases in using solar cells is tracking the maximum power point of the PV output, which is done in order to increase the efficiency of these systems. In fact, a system is in the highest efficiency when it is at the maximum point of its output. Until now, the operation methods for tracking the maximum power point have been obtained. Electronic methods have the advantage of lower maintenance and repair costs and have been studied more in recent years. In this study, the different types of electronic methods used for tracking the power of solar cells have been introduced, the advantages and disadvantages of each have been mentioned and compared.
24 General Improvement of divergent clay soil using waste materials: fly ash, rice husk ash and lime Mobalegh Morteza c c Master's degree in geotechnical engineering, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran 1 3 2024 1 1 35 46 13 04 2025 20 03 2024 With the industrialization of production, industrial by-products are being produced on a large scale; As a result, they have created risks for the environment. The direct disposal of these waste materials such as fly ash, stone powder, construction material waste and agricultural waste has created potential threats to the ecosystem and the existence of urgent solutions is felt in this field. One of the appropriate solutions is to use these waste materials as infrastructure improvers or to add them to cement stabilizing mixtures. In the present study, compaction and resistance properties of soil improved with various waste materials such as lime, fly ash and rice husk ash have been investigated. The results of this research state that this waste material has significantly improved the engineering properties of the soil. 25 General Review of Afghanistan's Renewable Energy Sector: Prospects and Challenges Garbrecht Martin Kashifi Mohammad Faisal 1 3 2024 1 1 47 60 13 04 2025 20 03 2024 Energy availability is critical not just for economic progress, but also for any attempt to enhance a country's health and social welfare. Afghanistan's energy industry is in disarray as a result of many years of conflict and neglect. Despite foreign organizations' assistance and recent energy regulations, Afghanistan lacks widespread access to power. Furthermore, the electricity supply is distributed irregularly in the dwellings. There is an increasing imbalance between demand and supply, and current demand forecasts do not reflect reality due to slowed economic development. The capacity of Afghanistan's power industry to become self-sufficient in electricity generation would be critical to its sustainability and security. Thus, the goal of this research is to review Afghanistan's present energy situation and to identify energy prospects for self-sufficiency as well as problems in many parts of energy sources. Afghanistan can develop its indigenous hydrocarbon and renewable energy resources to fulfill energy demand. Afghanistan can meet its primary energy needs by increasing its domestic energy potential from natural resources. Furthermore, with the proper and planned execution of renewable energy policies, energy efficiency objectives, and strategies, Afghanistan may achieve energy self-sufficiency goals while also advancing socioeconomic growth. 26 General Introduction and review of Transient Recovery Voltages and its case simulation in EMTP_RV software Halimi Abdullah f f Master's student of power systems at K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 1 3 2024 1 1 61 85 14 04 2025 20 03 2024 Transient recovery voltage (TRV) is one of the characteristics inherent in the power system, and its maximum and increasing speed are important factors that affect the switching process in the power system. When a power system has characteristics of TRV, it means that the voltage is higher than the tolerance range of the switches and the circuit breakers may not interrupt the fault current. In this article, the types of overvoltages in the power system have been investigated first. In the following, overvoltages caused by switching (an important phenomenon in the power network) are introduced. The importance of investigating this issue is the effect of these overvoltages during the operation of power switches, which are affected by the existence of different structures, the occurrence of different errors with different waveforms and structures due to the complexity of power networks. The presence of these different waveforms will have a direct effect on the performance of the power switches, which may not be able to withstand these stresses and the circuit may fail. On the other hand, the failed operation of the keys in error conditions will have the possibility of causing damage to the network during critical conditions. In the continuation of this research, in order to observe the stresses resulting from keying, case simulation has been done in EMTP_RV transient mode software. 27 General A review of supercapacitor modeling Sajjadi Sayed Mohammad g h g Master's student in Renewable Energy Engineering, Faculty of Modern Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran h Master's student in Renewable Energy Engineering, Faculty of Modern Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 1 3 2024 1 1 86 104 14 04 2025 20 03 2024 Energy storage systems play a prominent role in diversifying the energy portfolio. Supercapacitors can be mentioned among the newest generations of energy storage. Supercapacitors are gaining a special place in the storage discussion due to their high energy density, good efficiency and long life without the need for special maintenance. These things have caused supercapacitors to become an attractive subject for research and study by researchers. This review article has examined the studies that have been done for the modeling of supercapacitors in order to better understand the behavior and utilization of supercapacitors in different conditions. Due to the great interest in modeling these systems, many articles have been published in this field in which modeling techniques are classified, explained and compared. Also, the strengths and weaknesses of each model are examined and the experimental techniques used to measure the properties of the model are described. Finally, the analyzes show the expansion of the supercapacitors market at present. 28 General Quantum nanophotonics and quantum computing: prospects, challenges, proposals Ebrahimi Reza i i Nanophotonics engineering master student, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 1 3 2024 1 1 105 124 14 04 2025 20 03 2024 In this article, the link between nanophotonics and the science of quantum technologies is considered. Such an interdisciplinary approach may serve as a starting point for the development of breakthrough technologies. Several new directions, including strong light-matter coupling, topological photonics, metasurfaces and photon sources, and suspended optomechanics have been addressed in quantum nanophotonics. We hope that this review will foster an enhanced interaction between the nanophotonics and quantum science communities. Such synergy leads to the realization of new communication, sensory and information processing systems. In this article, explanations are given about quantum computing and the applications of computing in various fields, quantum optics, quantum telecommunications, and after introducing Rydberg atoms and their properties, the progress made in the construction of Rydberg quantum computers in the atomic network is reviewed. Then, the application of Rydberg atoms in quantum optics and its use in the production of a single-photon source and a two-photon gate are presented. In the last part of the article, suggestions are also given.