1 Khatam Al-Nabieen University 43 Special Recognition of Afghanistan's General University Entrance Exam ID from the Exam Sheet 1 9 2024 2 3 3 14 25 03 2026 19 06 2024 The use and promotion of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing industries is one of humanity's remarkable achievements in recent decades, applied in various fields. Today, governmental and non-governmental organizations face an urgent need for administrative automation and problem-solving through AI. Accordingly, this research aims to address the problem of identifying candidates' IDs for university entrance exams using AI. In this study, the identification and verification of candidates' IDs from their exam sheets are carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the ID is recognized based on the digits handwritten by the candidates in the designated ID section of the exam sheet. In the second stage, the boldened keys marked in the ID section are utilized. Both stages are performed after scanning the exam sheets, employing image processing techniques and cropping operations to isolate the required areas. For recognizing handwritten digits, the MNIST dataset and the TensorFlow and Keras libraries were used to develop a high-accuracy model. In the second stage, the key section is divided into nine columns, each containing a single key, and then rows are processed with precision. The boldened keys are extracted using a specific threshold value, and ultimately, the candidate's ID number is identified through both methods to ensure higher reliability.
44 Special Flexibility Approach to Incremental Housing Design Mousawi Sayed Anwarshah e e Faculty of Engineering, Khatam Al-Nabieen University, Kabul, Afghanistan 1 9 2024 2 3 15 31 25 03 2026 19 06 2024 The significant issue concerning human rights is the housing problem faced by low-income groups in society. One recurring mistake in most housing supply plans is the reliance on complete architectural designs for houses. However, a group of experts, with a better understanding of the needs of low-income residential groups, believes that instead of designing and presenting fully finished housing prototypes, authorities should focus on providing examples of incremental completion for residential units. It appears that this type of housing does not require a high budget and can be constructed quickly, making its development crucial for ensuring social and economic stability in fostering national development. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the features, dimensions, and indicators of incremental housing and propose a model designed to address the housing problems of low-income groups in developing countries. In the design and construction process of incremental housing, houses will offer various types of views and suitable layouts according to the occupants' demands. Low cost, flexibility, and the right to make informed choices about future development and the use of available building materials are among the main characteristics that will satisfy residents in this approach. 45 Special Applications of Artificial Neural Network and Deep Learning in Damage Detection and Structural Health Monitoring - a review study 1 9 2024 2 3 33 47 25 03 2026 19 06 2024 In recent years, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems have been widely installed in various civil infrastructures to monitor the health status of structures and detect structural damage or abnormalities through long-term monitoring of structures. Conventional data analysis methods face challenges such as environmental noise, large amount of measurement data, computational complexity, etc., which severely limit the widespread application of SHM technology. In recent years, with the rapid development of computing hardware and image acquisition equipment, deep learning-based data processing methods provide a new channel for mining the huge data of a SHM system, towards autonomous, accurate and robust processing of monitoring information. This paper provides an overview of deep learning-based SHM, including a brief summary of the history of deep learning development, applications of deep learning-based data processing methods in SHM.  46 Special Simulating secure model of ATM machines using DEVS 1 9 2024 2 3 49 64 25 03 2026 19 06 2024 In this article, the DEVS formula of discrete event systems, which was introduced by Dr. Bernard P. Ziegler in 1976 in a book called Theory of Modeling and Simulation, the concept of DEVS is used and discussed for modeling and simulating an ATM machine. Today, ATM machine have undoubtedly become a necessity in banks, people no longer have to visit the banks to do their transactions, instead use these types of machines, however, the people who are using an ATM machine are not clear and aware of that how the secure processes work inside of the ATMs. With an ATM card and a valid PIN, the customers can use the ATM where the valid user is accepted based on a PIN (personal identification number). Authentication and authorization ensures that maximum security is maintained through ATMs. In fact, banks provide flexible functionalities for the users such as balance checking, cash deposit and money transactions, but the biggest challenge is the security of the transactions, which especially the mobility ATM machines suffer. According to the DEVS formula, in this article, an attempt has been made to provide an application model for secure data transmission using the above formula. 47 Special An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Ethics 1 9 2024 2 3 65 123 25 03 2026 19 06 2024 Artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly changed and will continue to change our lives. AI is being applied in more and more fields and scenarios such as autonomous driving, medical care, media, finance, industrial robots, and internet services. The widespread application of AI and its deep integration with the economy and society have improved efficiency and produced benefits. At the same time, it will inevitably impact the existing social order and raise ethical concerns. Ethical issues, such as privacy leakage, discrimination, unemployment, and security risks, brought about by AI systems have caused great trouble to people. Therefore, AI ethics, which is a field related to the study of ethical issues in AI, has become not only an important research topic in academia, but also an important topic of common concern for individuals, organizations, countries, and society. This article will give a comprehensive overview of this field by summarizing and analyzing the ethical risks and issues raised by AI, ethical guidelines and principles issued by different organizations, approaches for addressing ethical issues in AI, and methods for evaluating the ethics of AI. Additionally, challenges in implementing ethics in AI and some future perspectives are pointed out. We hope our work will provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of AI ethics for researchers and practitioners in this field, especially the beginners of this research discipline. 48 Special The position (role) of teachers' professional ethics in virtual school education 1 9 2024 2 3 125 135 25 03 2026 19 06 2024 Introduction: Increasing the quality of virtual education is one of the main concerns of the education system in most countries of the world. In educational centers, virtual education has a special place, and to improve it, the professional ethics of teachers should be taken into consideration. Considering this importance, the aim of the present study was to investigate the position of professional ethics of teachers in virtual education of schools. Materials and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica,  Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed. Conclusion: The results showed that the improvement of virtual education in schools, in addition to the need for information and communication technology infrastructure, the ability of teachers and students to use new technologies and the interaction between teachers and students, requires the professional ethics of teachers and the observance of ethics, is teaching therefore, one of the factors that can affect the virtual education of schools is the professional ethics of teachers. Based on this, the ethical topics of teaching and its concepts should be included in the educational courses of students of cultural universities and in – service training for teachers. At the time of application, new technologies in education should be given serious attention and emphasis, and efforts should be made to institutionalize teaching ethics among teachers.